Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War
London Economic Conference
Related to the New Deal, the London Economic Conference was a sixty-nation economic conference organized to stabilize international currency rates, since some countries were on the gold standard and others, not. Franklin Roosevelt's decision to revoke American participation contributed to a deepening world economic crisis.
Related to the New Deal, the London Economic Conference was a sixty-nation economic conference organized to stabilize international currency rates, since some countries were on the gold standard and others, not. Franklin Roosevelt's decision to revoke American participation contributed to a deepening world economic crisis.
Good Neighbor Policy
A departure from the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the Good Neighbor Policy stressed nonintervention in Latin America. It was begun by Herbert Hoover but associated with Franklin D. Roosevelt.
A departure from the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the Good Neighbor Policy stressed nonintervention in Latin America. It was begun by Herbert Hoover but associated with Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (1934)
This act reversed traditional high-protective-tariff policies by allowing the president to negotiate lower tariffs with trade partners, without Senate approval. Its chief architect was Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who believed that tariff barriers choked off foreign trade.
This act reversed traditional high-protective-tariff policies by allowing the president to negotiate lower tariffs with trade partners, without Senate approval. Its chief architect was Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who believed that tariff barriers choked off foreign trade.
Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)
Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hunter, and Fascist Italy, led by Benito Mussolini, allied themselves together under this treaty. The pact was signed after both countries had intervened on behalf of the fascist leader Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War.
Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hunter, and Fascist Italy, led by Benito Mussolini, allied themselves together under this treaty. The pact was signed after both countries had intervened on behalf of the fascist leader Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War.
Johnson Debt Default Act (1934)
This act prevented debt-ridden nations from borrowing further from the United States.
This act prevented debt-ridden nations from borrowing further from the United States.
Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937
These acts were passed to prevent American participation in a European war. Among other restrictions, these acts prevented Americans from selling munitions to foreign belligerents.
These acts were passed to prevent American participation in a European war. Among other restrictions, these acts prevented Americans from selling munitions to foreign belligerents.
Abraham Lincoln Brigade
Idealistic American volunteers who served in the Spanish Civil War, defending Spanish republican forces from the fascist General Francisco Franco's nationalist soup. Some 3,000 Americans served alongside voolunteers from other countries.
Idealistic American volunteers who served in the Spanish Civil War, defending Spanish republican forces from the fascist General Francisco Franco's nationalist soup. Some 3,000 Americans served alongside voolunteers from other countries.
Quarantine Speech (1937)
An important speech delivered by Franklin Roosevelt in which he called for "positive endeavors" to "quarantine" land-hungry dictators, presumable through economic embargos. The speech "flew in the face of isolationist politicans."
An important speech delivered by Franklin Roosevelt in which he called for "positive endeavors" to "quarantine" land-hungry dictators, presumable through economic embargos. The speech "flew in the face of isolationist politicans."
Appeasement
The policy followed by leaders of Britain and France at the 1938 conference in Munich. Their purpose was to avoid war, but they allowed Germany to take the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.
The policy followed by leaders of Britain and France at the 1938 conference in Munich. Their purpose was to avoid war, but they allowed Germany to take the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.
Hitler-Stalin pact (1939)
A treaty signed on August 23, 1939 in which Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight each other. This agreement "paved the way" for German aggression against Poland.
A treaty signed on August 23, 1939 in which Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight each other. This agreement "paved the way" for German aggression against Poland.
Neutrality Act of 1939
This act allowed for arms trade with aggressive nations (Great Britain and France) on a cash-and-carry basis, ending the arms embargo.
This act allowed for arms trade with aggressive nations (Great Britain and France) on a cash-and-carry basis, ending the arms embargo.
Kristallnacht
Known as the "Night of Broken Glass," it was a horrid time in where Jewish people were targeted by those who supported the Nazi regime. Many Jewish people died and property destroyed.
Known as the "Night of Broken Glass," it was a horrid time in where Jewish people were targeted by those who supported the Nazi regime. Many Jewish people died and property destroyed.
War Refugee Board
Created by Franklin D. Roosevelt, this was created to aid civilian victims of Nazi and Axis Powers.
Created by Franklin D. Roosevelt, this was created to aid civilian victims of Nazi and Axis Powers.
Lend-Lease Bill
Materials and services supplied by the U.S. to its allies during World War II.
Materials and services supplied by the U.S. to its allies during World War II.
Atlantic Charter
Created in 1941, the Atlantic Charter was a vision in which a world would be governed through Democratic processes, with an international organization (NATO), serving as the "arbiter of disputes and the protector of every nations right of self determination."
Created in 1941, the Atlantic Charter was a vision in which a world would be governed through Democratic processes, with an international organization (NATO), serving as the "arbiter of disputes and the protector of every nations right of self determination."
Pearl Harbor
A surprise attack led by Japan in where Japanese air forces attack Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. Many USS's, such as USS Virginia, were either damaged or destroyed during the conflict.
However, it was an unintended surprise attack, because the United States received the declaration of war 20 minutes afterwards.
A surprise attack led by Japan in where Japanese air forces attack Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. Many USS's, such as USS Virginia, were either damaged or destroyed during the conflict.
However, it was an unintended surprise attack, because the United States received the declaration of war 20 minutes afterwards.